Hyperglycaemia, inflammation and Advanced Glycation End-Products (AGEs) may promote diabetes complications. Given their lifespan and accessibility Red Blood Cell (RBC) related AGEs are of interest. We quantified haemoglobin (Hb) AGEs and globin autofluoresence (AF) in a cross-sectional study of 147 (18–73 yr old Type 1 diabetic (T1D) patients (including 54 with and 93 without complications) and 60 healthy non-diabetic controls. T1D duration was mean±SD 21±13 years. HbA1c in T1D and controls was 7.9±1.4% and 5.0±0.3% respectively (p<0.00001). HbAGEs were increased in T1D vs. controls: 0.19±0.09 vs. 0.14±0.03 AU, p=0.0003; as was globin AF 2.37±0.16 vs. 2.19±0.09, p<0.00001. There were no significant differences in either AGE related to T1D complication status. HbAGEs and globin AF correlated in T1D (r=0.41; p<0.00001) but not in controls. Only globin AF correlated with vascular health (mean BP r=0.39; p=0.002 and Small Artery Elasticity r=-0.30; p=0.02 in controls, but not in T1D patients. In T1D globin AF correlated with vascular inflammation: se-Selectin r=0.26; p=0.002; sICAM r=0.23; p=0.007 and sVCAM-1 r=0.19; p=0.03. Neither AGE level correlated with age, HbA1c or renal dysfunction in T1D. Relative to controls, T1D is associated with significantly higher levels in two Hb related AGEs, which correlate with measures of vascular inflammation. These simple, low-cost assays may facilitate monitoring of anti-AGE therapies and vascular inflammation.